Acute aortic dissection in postpartum.

To cite: Esteves T, Caseiro L, Codorniz A, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2016-218236 DESCRIPTION A Caucasian woman aged 35 years, with no relevant personal history or history of drug abuse and an uneventful pregnancy, presented in the emergency room (ER) at 34 weeks of gestation, with preterm premature rupture of membranes. On physical examination, she had elevated blood pressure and bilateral peripheral oedema. An extensive blood panel was performed, providing the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Four hours after admission, she had a vaginal delivery and, 36 hours later, discharged herself against medical advice. A few hours later, she returned to the ER, reporting of severe thoracic pain of sudden onset, sweating and nausea. Her vitals were within normal range, and peripheral pulses were present and symmetrical. Suspecting a pulmonary embolism, a thoracic CT was performed (figures 1–3), showing ‘extensive dissection of the ascending aorta, extending from the aortic root to the origin of the celiac artery. No aneurism is observed’. The patient was transferred to our referral cardiothoracic surgery department, and submitted to an emergency replacement of the aortic root by a tubular prosthesis. The postoperative period was uneventful. Acute aortic dissection is a rare and lifethreatening condition, which can be presented in different forms and mimic other medical conditions. Despite its rareness, nearly half of the cases in young women occur during pregnancy, most commonly in the third trimester and peripartum. Since it requires a high level of clinical suspicion, and has an extremely high mortality rate if left untreated, this condition poses an enormous challenge, that obstetricians rarely encounter. 3